Assessment: Animals Including Humans

Subject: Science | Year: 6

Name: _________________________ Class/Set: ____________ Date: ____________

Section A: Knowledge Check (Multiple Choice)

Mark the correct answer.

Q1: Which of the following best describes the primary function of the human circulatory system?

a) ☐ To break down large food molecules into smaller nutrients. b) ☐ To transport oxygen, nutrients, and waste products around the body. c) ☐ To provide a rigid framework that supports the body's structure. d) ☐ To send electrical signals from the brain to the muscles.

Q2: When blood leaves the right side of the heart, which organ is it pumped to first?

a) ☐ The brain to provide energy for thinking. b) ☐ The small intestine to pick up glucose. c) ☐ The lungs to exchange carbon dioxide for oxygen. d) ☐ The kidneys to filter out liquid waste.

⇨ The data provided in the table below shows the recorded heart rates of a Year 6 pupil during different levels of physical activity.

Activity	Heart Rate (BPM)
Sleeping	62
Reading	74
Fast Walking	115
Sprinting	165

Q3: Based on the table above, how much does the pupil's heart rate increase when moving from a resting state (Reading) to high-intensity exercise (Sprinting)?

a) ☐ 53 BPM b) ☐ 103 BPM c) ☐ 41 BPM d) ☐ 91 BPM

Q4: What is the specific role of red blood cells within the circulatory system?

a) ☐ To produce antibodies that fight off viral infections. b) ☐ To clot the blood when the skin is cut or grazed. c) ☐ To carry oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body. d) ☐ To dissolve nutrients so they can be absorbed by cells.

Q5: Why does the heart contain valves between its different chambers?

a) ☐ To ensure that blood only flows in one direction and prevents backflow. b) ☐ To increase the speed at which blood travels to the brain. c) ☐ To help the blood change colour from blue to red. d) ☐ To filter out harmful bacteria from the bloodstream.

Section B: Application (Written Answers)

Answer in the spaces provided.

Q6: Explain how the nutrients from the food we eat are transported from the digestive system to the rest of the body. [3 marks]

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⇨ The following scenario describes the daily habits of two different adults, focusing on their diet and physical activity levels.

Adult A works in an office and eats a diet high in saturated fats and processed sugars; they rarely participate in physical exercise. Adult B works as a gardener, eats a balanced diet with plenty of fruit and vegetables, and cycles to work every day.

Q7: Explain how the lifestyle choices of Adult A could negatively impact the health of their circulatory system over time. [4 marks]

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Total Marks: _______ / 12

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⚠ TEACHER’S GUIDANCE

Pedagogical Pulse:

• Delivery: This assessment is designed to mirror the rigour of Year 6 SATs Paper 2 (Reasoning) style questions. Ensure students understand that 'Explain' requires a 'cause and effect' response (e.g., using "because" or "this leads to").
• Misconception Alert: Many Year 6 students still believe that deoxygenated blood is blue. Use Q2 and Q4 to reinforce that blood is always red, just varying in brightness based on oxygen saturation.
• Differentiation: For students working towards expected standards, model how to calculate the difference in Q3 by identifying the two relevant rows in the table first.

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Section A Answers

Q1: b

Explanation: Option (a) describes the digestive system, (c) describes the skeletal system, and (d) describes the nervous system.

Q2: c

Explanation: The right side of the heart pumps deoxygenated blood specifically to the lungs for gas exchange.

Q3: d

Explanation: 165 (Sprinting) - 74 (Reading) = 91. This tests the ability to retrieve data from a table and perform a mental or written calculation.

Q4: c

Explanation: Red blood cells contain haemoglobin which binds to oxygen. White blood cells (a) fight infection, and platelets (b) help with clotting.

Q5: a

Explanation: Valves are mechanical structures that ensure the circulatory system remains a one-way system.

Section B Guidance

Q6 Guidance

• 1 Mark: Mentions that nutrients are absorbed in the small intestine.
• 1 Mark: Mentions that nutrients pass into the bloodstream (via the villi).
• 1 Mark: Mentions that the heart pumps this nutrient-rich blood to the cells of the body.

Model Answer: "Nutrients are absorbed into the bloodstream through the walls of the small intestine. Once in the blood, the heart pumps this plasma and its dissolved nutrients around the whole body so that cells can use them for energy and growth."

Q7 Guidance

• 1 Mark: High-fat diets can lead to a build-up of fatty deposits in the blood vessels (arteries).
• 1 Mark: This makes it harder for blood to flow through (narrowing the vessels).
• 1 Mark: Lack of exercise means the heart muscle is not being strengthened.
• 1 Mark: This combined effect increases the risk of high blood pressure or heart disease.

Model Answer: "Adult A’s diet is high in fat, which can cause fatty substances to build up inside their arteries, narrowing them and making it harder for blood to flow. Because they do not exercise, their heart muscle may become weaker. Over time, this increases the pressure on the heart and can lead to serious conditions like a heart attack or heart disease."