KO: Feudal System
Subject: History | Year: 7
Name: _________________________ Class/Set: ____________ Date: ____________
1. Key Knowledge / Core Facts
- 1066: William the Conqueror defeats Harold Godwinson; introduces the Feudal System to control England.
- Land Ownership: All land in England belonged to the King by right of conquest.
- The Exchange: System based on land (fief) given in exchange for military service and loyalty.
- Control: Designed to help a small number of Normans rule over a large, hostile Saxon population.
- Divine Right: Belief that the King was chosen by God to rule, sitting at the top of the hierarchy.
- 1086 Domesday Book: Detailed survey of all land and resources to calculate taxes and military strength.
2. Key Vocabulary
- Feudalism: Social and political system based on the holding of land and mutual obligations.
- Fief: The land granted by a lord to a vassal in exchange for service.
- Vassal: A person who held land under the feudal system and owed loyalty to a superior.
- Homage: A formal public ceremony where a vassal swore an oath of fealty (loyalty) to their lord.
- Villein: A peasant who was 'tied' to the land; they could not leave without the lord's permission.
- Demesne: The part of the manor land kept by the lord for his own use and profit.
- Tithe: A compulsory tax of 10% of annual produce or income paid to the Church.
3. The Social Hierarchy
- The King: Owned all land; granted large areas (manors) to loyal Barons.
- Tenants-in-Chief (Barons): High-ranking nobles; provided the King with knights and advice.
- Under-Tenants (Knights): Professional soldiers; protected the Baron’s land and fought for the King.
- Freeholders: Peasants who paid rent for land but were not tied to the manor.
- Peasants (Serfs/Villeins): Bottom of the hierarchy; farmed the land in exchange for protection.
- The Church: Parallel power structure; Archbishops and Bishops often acted as Tenants-in-Chief.
4. Rights and Responsibilities
- King’s Duty: To provide land and keep the peace (Law and Order).
- Baron’s Duty: To provide the King with 'Knight Service' and serve on the Royal Council.
- Knight’s Duty: To provide 40 days of military service per year and guard the lord's castle.
- Peasant’s Duty: To provide free labour (Week-work) on the lord's land and pay fines (e.g. for grinding corn).
- Lord’s Duty: To provide protection and a small plot of land for the peasants to grow their own food.
- Forfeiture: If a vassal failed their duties, the lord could take back the land.
5. Key Mechanisms of Control
- Motte and Bailey Castles: Quick-to-build timber forts used to secure territory and intimidate locals.
- The Harrying of the North: William’s brutal scorched-earth policy (1069–70) to crush rebellion.
- Oath of Fealty: A sacred religious promise; breaking it was considered a sin against God.
- Language: Norman French became the language of law and government, excluding most Saxons.
- Forest Laws: Strict rules protecting deer and timber for the King, punishable by blinding or death.
6. Key Concepts and Misconceptions
- Rigid Structure: Movement between classes was almost impossible; you usually died in the class you were born into.
- Interdependence: Every level of society relied on the others for either food, protection, or land.
- Not Just Military: The system was also a legal and economic framework for managing the country.
- Misconception: Not all peasants were 'slaves'; villeins were tied to land but had legal rights to their plots.
- The 'Manor': The basic unit of the system; a village and surrounding land controlled by a lord.
⚠ TEACHER’S GUIDANCE
🎯 Pedagogical Pulse: The Feudal System Year 7
- Delivery Strategy: This Knowledge Organiser (KO) is designed as a retrieval tool. For Year 7, focus on the "Pyramid of Power" visual. Use the 'Key Vocabulary' section for weekly spelling and definition tests (Tier 3 vocabulary focus).
- Misconception Alert: Ensure students understand that the King did not "give away" land permanently; he "granted" it. If loyalty was broken, the land was forfeited. This is a crucial concept for understanding medieval politics.
- Task Suggestion: Have students use the 'Social Hierarchy' section to create a "Day in the Life" comparison between a Knight and a Villein, focusing on their specific duties.
- Historical Context: Link the 'Domesday Book' (Section 1) to modern-day censuses to help students grasp the scale of William's administrative control.
🔑 Teacher's Key (Self-Check Questions)
- Task 1: Who owned all the land in England after 1066?
- Answer: The King (William the Conqueror).
- Task 2: What was the 10% tax paid to the Church called?
- Task 3: Define the term 'Fealty'.
- Answer: A formal oath of loyalty sworn by a vassal to their lord.
- Task 4: How many days of military service did a Knight owe per year?
- Task 5: What was the primary purpose of the Domesday Book (1086)?
- Answer: To record land ownership, resources, and value for taxation and military planning.