KO: Medieval Church
Subject: History | Year: 7
Name: _________________________ Class/Set: ____________ Date: ____________
1. Key Knowledge / Core Facts
- Centrality: The Church was the most important part of daily life; almost everyone in England was Catholic.
- The Tithe: Everyone paid 10% of their annual produce or earnings to the Church as a compulsory tax.
- Language: Latin was the official language of the Church; Bibles and services were not in English.
- Wealth: The Church was the largest landowner in Europe and wealthier than many Kings.
- Literacy: Monks and priests were often the only people in a village who could read or write.
- Community: The village church was the social hub, used for markets, meetings, and festivals.
2. Key Vocabulary
- Tithe: A tax of one-tenth of a person's income paid to support the Church.
- Purgatory: A place of suffering where souls were purified before they could enter Heaven.
- Excommunication: Being officially barred from the Church, meaning you could not go to Heaven.
- Martyr: A person who is killed because of their religious or other beliefs.
- Pilgrimage: A journey to a holy place (e.g., Canterbury) to show devotion or seek forgiveness.
- Penance: An act of self-punishment performed to show sorrow for committing a sin.
3. Hierarchy of the Church
- The Pope: The supreme head of the Roman Catholic Church, based in the Vatican, Rome.
- Cardinals: Senior officials who advised the Pope and elected the next Pope.
- Archbishops: Senior leaders in charge of the Church across a large area or 'province'.
- Bishops: Managed a 'diocese' (a group of parishes) and were based in grand cathedrals.
- Priests: Local leaders who conducted Mass, weddings, and funerals in the village church.
- Monks and Nuns: Lived in monasteries or convents, dedicating their lives to prayer and work.
4. The Afterlife and Doom Paintings
- Heaven: The ultimate goal for Christians; depicted as a place of peace and beauty.
- Hell: A place of eternal fire and torture for those who died in a state of sin.
- Doom Paintings: Large murals on church walls showing the 'Day of Judgement' to the illiterate public.
- Purpose: These paintings acted as a visual warning to behave according to Church law.
- Indulgences: Certificates sold by the Church that promised to reduce time spent in Purgatory.
- Mass: The central act of worship where bread and wine were believed to become the body and blood of Christ.
5. Power and Control
- Trial by Ordeal: A way of letting God decide guilt or innocence (e.g., Trial by Cold Water).
- Interdict: The Pope could close all churches in a country, meaning no one could be baptised or buried.
- Sanctuary: A criminal could claim 'sanctuary' inside a church, protecting them from arrest for 40 days.
- Church Courts: The Church had its own legal system which was often more lenient than the King’s courts.
- Vows: Monks took the 'Benedictine Rule' – vows of poverty, chastity, and obedience.
6. The Murder of Thomas Becket (1170)
- The Conflict: Archbishop Becket disagreed with King Henry II over whether the King could punish 'criminous clerks'.
- The Exile: Following the dispute, Becket fled to France for six years to escape the King's anger.
- The Return: Becket returned in 1170 and immediately excommunicated bishops who supported the King.
- The Murder: Four knights, believing they were following Henry’s orders, killed Becket in Canterbury Cathedral.
- The Aftermath: Henry II performed public penance; Becket was made a Saint (canonised) in 1173.
- Legacy: Canterbury became one of the most famous pilgrimage sites in Europe.
⚠ TEACHER’S GUIDANCE
🎯 Pedagogical Pulse
- Oracy Opportunity: Use the 'Doom Paintings' section to facilitate a visual inquiry. Ask students to describe the 'Heaven' side vs the 'Hell' side and explain why the Church used images rather than text for Year 7 learners.
- Concept Check: Ensure students understand that 'The Church' in this context refers specifically to the Roman Catholic Church, as the Reformation has not yet occurred.
- Misconception Alert: Students often think people paid the 'Tithe' voluntarily. Emphasise that it was a legal requirement and failure to pay could lead to the Tithe Barn being seized.
- Active Learning: When teaching the Becket case study, use a 'Role Play' or 'Decision Alley' to help students understand why Henry II and Becket both felt they were in the right.
✅ Answer Key & Solutions
- Task A: Vocabulary Check:
- Tithe Answer: 10% tax paid to the Church.
- Excommunication Answer: Being cut off from the Church/Heaven.
- Purgatory Answer: The 'waiting room' between Earth and Heaven.
- Task B: Hierarchy Sorting:
- Highest Rank Answer: The Pope.
- Lowest Rank Answer: Parish Priest (or Monks/Nuns).
- Task C: Becket Chronology:
- Step 1 Answer: Conflict over Church courts.
- Step 2 Answer: Becket flees to France.
- Step 3 Answer: Four knights travel to Canterbury.
- Step 4 Answer: Becket is murdered in the Cathedral.
- Task D: Doom Painting Analysis:
- Visual Strategy Answer: Most people were illiterate (could not read), so pictures were the only way to teach them about the dangers of sin.